This Backgrounder shows that there is a vast disconnect between what small business lobbyists tell lawmakers about the need to restrict legitimate lawsuits (“tort reform”) and how small businesses actually feel about the issue. What internal small business surveys consistently show is that topics like the cost of lawsuits or “tort reform” are issues of less importance to small businesses than almost any issue they could possibly face, or on which they want lawmakers to focus.
BACKGROUNDER
LIMITING LAWSUITS: SMALL BUSINESSES’ LEAST CONCERN
(May 2025 Update)
There is a vast disconnect between what small business lobbyists tell lawmakers about the need to restrict legitimate lawsuits (“tort reform”) and how small businesses actually feel about the issue. What internal small business surveys consistently show is that topics like the cost of lawsuits or “tort reform” are issues of less importance to small businesses than almost any issue they could possibly face, or on which they want lawmakers to focus.
The following summarizes the most recent surveys from organizations that represent small businesses.
National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB)
NFIB is a lobbying group that says it represents 300,000 small and independent businesses in all 50 states and Washington, D.C.[1] It claims that its “policy positions are established by the members directly, not by executive staff or the Board of Directors. That’s what makes us credible, widely respected, and effective.”[2]
NFIB Small Business Problems & Priorities
Every four years, NFIB publishes a member survey “to provide those interested in small business issues a list of small business owner concerns. Claims are often made regarding the problems and interests of small business owners with little or no empirical evidence to support them. Problems and Priorities provides a large, comprehensive dataset to evaluate their hypotheses.”[3]
National results (2024). NFIB members were asked to rate the importance of 75 issues on their operations. “Cost and Frequency of Lawsuits/Threatened Lawsuits” ranked an extraordinary 72nd. It was listed among the problems of least concern to small business members, i.e., those that “tend to be issues small business owners don’t often experience.”[4]
· NFIB created 10 small-business problem clusters containing all the survey’s problems related to that topic. “Cost and Frequency of Lawsuits/Threatened Lawsuits” ranked last in importance among the 21 problems that fell under the “Costs” cluster.
· Regardless of business sector, “Cost and Frequency of Lawsuits/Threatened Lawsuits” ranked low on the list of concerns across all industries – #73 (Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing), #72 (Construction), #73 (Manufacturing), #74 (Wholesale Trade), #74 (Retail), #66 (Transportation/Warehousing), #54 (Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, Rental), #63 (Professional Services) and #71 (Non-Professional Services).
· “Cost and Frequency of Lawsuits/Threatened Lawsuits” consistently ranked low in importance regardless of number of years of business ownership – #65 for those with ≤ 3 years of business ownership, #58 for the 4-5 years group, #74 for the 6-10 years group, #70 for the 11-20 years group and #71 for the ≥ 21 years group.
· In addition, “Cost and Frequency of Lawsuits/Threatened Lawsuits” was of little concern regardless of the areas where small businesses were located – #67 (Highly Urban), #64 (Urban), #66 (Fringe Urban), #72 (Small City/Town) and #74 (Rural).
State-specific results: California (2024). “Costs and Frequency of Lawsuits/Threatened Lawsuits” ranked very low on the list of concerns…#65 out of 75 problems.
State-specific results: New York (2024). “Costs and Frequency of Lawsuits/Threatened Lawsuits” ranked very low on the list of concerns…#71 out of 75 problems.
State-specific results: Ohio (2024). “Costs and Frequency of Lawsuits/Threatened Lawsuits” ranked very low on the list of concerns…#68 out of 75 problems.
State-specific results: Texas (2024). “Costs and Frequency of Lawsuits/Threatened Lawsuits” ranked very low on the list of concerns… #70 out of 75 problems.
Survey trends (all years). Coming in at #72, the 2024 “Costs and Frequency of Lawsuits/Threatened Lawsuits” ranking is the lowest such ranking of the issue in any recent year, namely 2020 (#69), 2016 (#68), 2012 (#71), 2008 (#65) and 2004 (#64).
National Small Business Association (NSBA)
NSBA describes itself as a “uniquely member-driven organization”[5] that’s “continually providing a snapshot of what’s on the mind of America’s small-business community, and the 70 million owners and employees that comprise American small business.”[6] It claims to have 65,000 members[7] who “represent every state and every industry in the U.S.”[8] and determine NSBA’s policy agenda.[9]
NSBA Mid-Year and Year-End Economic Reports
NSBA views its Economic Reports as a way to “provide trending data on how small business is faring….”[10]
2025 Survey. Small businesses were asked, “What are the three most significant challenges to the future growth and survival of your business?” and given a list of 24 issues. Neither the cost nor frequency of lawsuits was considered important enough to even list as an option. In addition, when asked, “Which of the following issues do you believe is most important to your small business for Congress and the administration to address?” “tort reform” – which had appeared among the list of options in past surveys and ranked dead last out of 19 issues in the 2023 survey – was no longer on the list.[11]
Survey Trends. NSBA has never listed lawsuits among the most significant challenges to the future growth and survival of small businesses in these surveys.[12] Moreover, in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018 surveys, only 1 percent of respondents selected “tort reform” as a first-priority issue for Congress and the president.[13] In the 2012 year-end survey, only 2 percent of respondents chose “tort reform” as a first-priority issue for the federal government.[14] In the 2023 annual survey, only 4 percent of respondents selected “tort reform” from the list.[15] And in the 2010 and 2011 year-end surveys, “tort reform” wasn’t even listed by NSBA.[16]
NSBA Politics of Small Business Survey
“Every two years, prior to a national election, NSBA publishes its Politics of Small Business Survey,” which seeks to identify the issues small businesses care most about as well as their engagement with the political process.[17](For unexplained reasons, NSBA failed to release the results of its 2024 survey.[18] However, earlier results are available.)
2022 Survey. When NSBA asked members, “If you have contacted your elected officials on a small-business issue, what were the issues? (Check all that apply),” “Tort Reform/Medical Malpractice Reform” ranked last out of 21 options to choose from, with only 7 percent of respondents selecting it.[19]
Survey Trends.“Tort Reform/Medical Malpractice Reform” has become less and less of a concern to NSBA members over time. When asked, “If you have contacted your elected officials on a small-business issue, what were the issues? (Check all that apply),” respondents selected “Tort Reform/Medical Malpractice Reform” at the following rates: 22 percent (2012), 11 percent (2014), 12 percent (2016), 8 percent (2020) and 7 percent (2022).[20]
National Association of Manufacturers (NAM)
The NAM is “the largest manufacturing association in the United States, representing small and large manufacturers in every industrial sector and in all 50 states,” self-described as “the powerful voice of the manufacturing community and the leading advocate for a policy agenda that helps manufacturers compete in the global economy and create jobs across the United States.”[21]
Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey
These results reflect responses from small, medium-sized and large businesses. That said, small businesses (i.e., those with fewer than 50 employees) and medium-sized businesses (i.e., those with between 50 and 499 employees) are the majority of respondents in the following recent surveys.
Q1 2025 Survey.Respondents were asked to check their biggest business challenges from a list of options. Lawsuits was not on the list.[22]
Q4 2024 Survey.Respondents were asked to check their biggest business challenges from a list of options. Lawsuits was not on the list.[23]
Q3 2024 Survey.Respondents were asked to check their biggest business challenges from a list of options. Lawsuits was not on the list.[24]
Q2 2024 Survey. Respondents were asked to check their biggest business challenges from a list of options. Lawsuits was not on the list.[25]
Q1 2024 Survey. Respondents were asked to check their biggest business challenges from a list of options. Lawsuits was not on the list.[26]
Survey Trends. Among any available NAM survey, respondents have never listed lawsuits among the most significant challenges to businesses.[27]
Bank of America
Small Business Owner Report
2024 Survey. Roughly 1,300 small business owners were asked about top economic concerns. Lawsuits was not on the list.[28]
Survey Trends. Since 2012, Bank of America has surveyed small businesses about their top economic concerns. Lawsuits has never made the list.[29]
Notes
[1] National Federation of Independent Business, “NFIB is the Voice of Small Business,” https://www.nfib.com/about-nfib (viewed May 6, 2025); National Federation of Independent Business, Small Business Problems & Priorities 2024, https://strgnfibcom.blob.core.windows.net/nfibcom/2024-Small-Business-Problems-Priorities.pdf
[2] National Federation of Independent Business, “Policy Agenda,” https://www.nfib.com/policy-agenda (viewed May 6, 2025).
[3] National Federation of Independent Business, Small Business Problems & Priorities 2024, https://strgnfibcom.blob.core.windows.net/nfibcom/2024-Small-Business-Problems-Priorities.pdf
[4] Ibid.
[5] National Small Business Association, “Register for SBC 2025,” https://www.nsba.biz/sbcregistration (viewed May 6, 2025).
[6] National Small Business Association, “NSBA has accomplished a great deal in the last 75 years,” https://www.nsba.biz/_files/ugd/601769_c5f9ae74e2114bbaadaa45b14ca74723.pdf (viewed May 6, 2025).
[7] National Small Business Association, “Our NSBA Members,” https://www.nsbaadvocate.org/membership (viewed May 6, 2025).
[8] National Small Business Association, “NSBA 2024 Survey on Taxation and Small Business,” February 26, 2025, https://www.nsbaadvocate.org/post/press-nsba-2024-survey-on-taxation-and-small-business
[9] National Small Business Association, “NSBA has accomplished a great deal in the last 75 years,” https://www.nsba.biz/_files/ugd/601769_c5f9ae74e2114bbaadaa45b14ca74723.pdf (viewed May 6, 2025).
[10] National Small Business Association, “NSBA Initiatives,” https://www.nsba.biz/issues (viewed May 6, 2025).
[11] National Small Business Association, Small Business Economic Report (May 2025), https://www.nsbaadvocate.org/_files/ugd/fec11a_b3041a3299ec414f809e311c99414f34.pdf
[12] See National Small Business Association, Small Business Economic Report (May 2025), https://www.nsbaadvocate.org/_files/ugd/fec11a_b3041a3299ec414f809e311c99414f34.pdf; 2023 Economic Report, https://www.nsba.biz/_files/ugd/601769_8df54000a0f644e9afc0425bcdfa649f.pdf; 2018 Mid-Year Economic Report (June 2020), https://www.nsba.biz/_files/ugd/fec11a_65ae65d247864d649b25a2d3a32e0b2c.pdf; 2017 Year-End Economic Report (February 2018), https://www.dynamiccap.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Year-End-Economic-Report-2017.pdf; 2016 Year-End Economic Report (February 2017), https://www.nsba.biz/_files/ugd/fec11a_65ae65d247864d649b25a2d3a32e0b2c.pdf; 2015 Year-End Economic Report (February 2016), https://www.accesscorp.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Year-End-Economic-Report-2015.pdf; 2014 Year-End Economic Report (February 2015) (on file with CJ&D); 2013 Year-End Economic Report (February 2014) (on file with CJ&D); 2012 Year-End Economic Report (February 2013) (on file with CJ&D); 2011 Year-End Economic Report (2012) (on file with CJ&D); and 2010 Year-End Economic Report (2011) (on file with CJ&D).
[13] See National Small Business Association, 2018 Mid-Year Economic Report (June 2020), https://www.nsba.biz/_files/ugd/fec11a_65ae65d247864d649b25a2d3a32e0b2c.pdf; 2017 Year-End Economic Report (February 2018), https://www.dynamiccap.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Year-End-Economic-Report-2017.pdf; 2016 Year-End Economic Report (February 2017), https://www.nsba.biz/_files/ugd/fec11a_65ae65d247864d649b25a2d3a32e0b2c.pdf; 2015 Year-End Economic Report (February 2016), https://www.accesscorp.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Year-End-Economic-Report-2015.pdf; 2014 Year-End Economic Report (February 2015) (on file with CJ&D); and 2013 Year-End Economic Report (February 2014) (on file with CJ&D).
[14] National Small Business Association, 2012 Year-End Economic Report (February 2013) (on file with CJ&D).
[15] National Small Business Association, 2023 Economic Report, https://www.nsba.biz/_files/ugd/601769_8df54000a0f644e9afc0425bcdfa649f.pdf
[16] National Small Business Association, 2011 Year-End Economic Report (2012) (on file with CJ&D) and 2010 Year-End Economic Report (2011) (on file with CJ&D).
[17] National Small Business Association, 2022 Politics of Small Business Survey, https://www.nsba.biz/_files/ugd/601769_a9bb2fde00ee4f25a9ae167561bb5079.pdf
[18] See National Small Business Association, “Politics of Small Business Survey 2024,” https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/NSBA-politics-2024
[19] National Small Business Association, 2022 Politics of Small Business Survey, https://www.nsba.biz/_files/ugd/601769_a9bb2fde00ee4f25a9ae167561bb5079.pdf
[20] Ibid; National Small Business Association, 2016 Politics of Small Business Survey (on file with CJ&D); 2014 Politics of Small Business (on file with CJ&D); and The Politics of Small Business Survey (2012) (on file with CJ&D).
[21] National Association of Manufacturers, “Manufacturers to Federal Agencies: Rebalance Regulations to Strengthen Manufacturing in the U.S.,” April 17, 2025, https://nam.org/manufacturers-to-federal-agencies-rebalance-regulations-to-strengthen-manufacturing-in-the-u-s-33786
[22] National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: First Quarter 2025, March 6, 2025, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2025/03/Q1_2025_Outlook_Survey.pdf
[23] National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Fourth Quarter 2024, December 17, 2024, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2024/12/Outlook_Q4_2024_Write_Up.pdf
[24] National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Third Quarter 2024, October 4, 2024, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Outlook_Survey_Q3_2024_NAM.pdf
[25] National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Second Quarter 2024, June 26, 2024, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Q2-2024-Survey-write-up.pdf
[26] National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: First Quarter 2024, March 5, 2024, https://nam.org/2024-first-quarter-manufacturers-outlook-survey/
[27] See National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: First Quarter 2025, March 6, 2025, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2025/03/Q1_2025_Outlook_Survey.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Fourth Quarter 2024, December 17, 2024, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2024/12/Outlook_Q4_2024_Write_Up.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Third Quarter 2024, October 4, 2024, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Outlook_Survey_Q3_2024_NAM.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Second Quarter 2024, June 26, 2024, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Q2-2024-Survey-write-up.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: First Quarter 2024, March 5, 2024, https://nam.org/2024-first-quarter-manufacturers-outlook-survey; National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Fourth Quarter 2023, January 8, 2024, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Outlook-Survey-December-2023-Q4.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Third Quarter 2023, September 13, 2023, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Manufacturers_Outlook_Survey_Write_Up_Q3_Sept2023_Final.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers Outlook Survey: Second Quarter 2023, June 7, 2023, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Manufacturers_Outlook_Survey_Q2_June_2023.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: First Quarter 2023, March 27, 2023, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Manufacturers_Outlook_Survey_March_2023.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Fourth Quarter 2022, January 4, 2023, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Manufacturers_Fourth_Quarter_Outlook_Survey_December_2022.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Third Quarter 2022, September 19, 2022, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Manufacturers_Third_Quarter_Outlook_Survey_September_2022.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Second Quarter 2022, June 15, 2022, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Manufacturers_Second_Quarter_Outlook_Survey_June_2022.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: First Quarter 2022, March 17, 2022, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Manufacturers_Outlook_Survey_Write_Up_Mar2022.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Fourth Quarter 2021, December 20, 2021, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Manufacturers_Outlook_Survey_December_2021.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Third Quarter 2021, September 9, 2021, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/NAM-Outlook-Survey-Q3-2021.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Second Quarter 2021, June 24, 2021, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/NAM-Outlook-Survey-Q2-2021.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: First Quarter 2021, March 9, 2021, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/NAM-Outlook-Survey-Q1-2021.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Fourth Quarter 2020, December 23, 2020, https://nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NAM-Q4-2020-Manufacturers-Outlook-Survey.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Third Quarter 2020, September 10, 2020, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/NAM-Outlook-Survey-Q3-2020.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Second Quarter 2020, May 28, 2020, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/NAM-2020-Q2-Outlook-Survey.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: First Quarter 2020, March 18, 2020, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/NAM-2020-Q1-Outlook-Survey.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Fourth Quarter 2019, December 19, 2019, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/NAM-outlook-survey-2019-q4.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Third Quarter 2019, September 23, 2019, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/National-Association-of-Manufacturers-Outlook-Survey-Report-Q3-2019.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Second Quarter 2019, June 21, 2019, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/nam-manufacturers-outlook-survey-writeup-jun2019-copyedited-6.21.19-CLEAN.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: First Quarter 2019, March 5, 2019, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Q1-2019-Outlook-page-text.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Fourth Quarter 2018, December 20, 2018, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NAM-Q4-2018-Manufacturers-Outlook-Survey.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Third Quarter 2018, October 5, 2018, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/National-Association-of-Manufacturers-Outlook-Survey-Q3-2018.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Second Quarter 2018, June 20, 2018, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NAM-2018-2nd-Quarter-Outlook-Survey.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: First Quarter 2018, April 12, 2018, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NAM-1st-Quarter-2018-Outlook-Survey.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Fourth Quarter 2017, December 11, 2017, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NAM-4th-Quarter-2017-Outlook-Survey.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Third Quarter 2017, September 29, 2017, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NAM-3rd-Quarter-2017-Outlook-Survey.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Second Quarter 2017, July 20, 2017, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/2017-Second-Quarter-Manufacturers-Outlook-Survey.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: First Quarter 2017, March 31, 2017, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/1st-Quarter-2017-Outlook-Survey.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Fourth Quarter 2016, December 7, 2016, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NAM-Outlook-Survey-Q4-2016.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Third Quarter 2016, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NAM-Q3-2016-Outlook-Survey-.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Second Quarter 2016, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NAM-Q2-2016-Outlook-Survey-.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers, NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: First Quarter 2016, March 9, 2016, https://www.nam.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NAM-Outlook-Survey-Q1-2016.pdf; National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Fourth Quarter 2015 (on file with CJ&D); National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Third Quarter 2015 (on file with CJ&D); National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: Second Quarter 2015 (on file with CJ&D); National Association of Manufacturers,NAM Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey: First Quarter 2015 (on file with CJ&D); Chad Moutray, “NAM/IW 2015 1Q Survey: Outlook Positive for US Manufacturing,” IndustryWeek, March 8, 2015, http://www.industryweek.com/global-economy/namiw-2015-1q-survey-outlook-positive-us-manufacturing; Chad Moutray, “NAM/IndustryWeek 4Q Survey: Manufacturers Had a Good Year and Expect 2015 to Be Better,” IndustryWeek, December 8, 2014, http://www.industryweek.com/global-economy/namindustryweek-4q-survey-manufacturers-had-good-year-and-expect-2015-be-better?page=2; Chad Moutray, “NAM/IndustryWeek 3Q 2014 Survey: Confidence, Investment on the Rise,” IndustryWeek, September 8, 2014, http://www.industryweek.com/global-economy/namindustryweek-3q-2014-survey-confidence-investment-rise?page=3; Chad Moutray, “NAM/IndustryWeek Survey: Manufacturers Bullish, But Frustrated with Washington,” IndustryWeek, June 9, 2014, http://www.industryweek.com/global-economy/namindustryweek-survey-manufacturers-bullish-frustrated-washington?page=3; NAM/IndustryWeek Survey of Manufacturers First Quarter, 2014, http://documents.nam.org/comm/2014_Q1_NAM_INDUSTRYWEEK_SURVEY.pdf; Chad Moutray, “Manufacturers Cite Health Care as Top Concern in NAM/IndustryWeek Survey,” IndustryWeek, December 8, 2013, https://www.industryweek.com/the-economy/public-policy/article/21961795/manufacturers-cite-health-care-as-top-concern-in-nam-industryweek-survey; “By the Numbers: NAM/IndustryWeek 2013 Q3 Survey Responses,” IndustryWeek, September 9, 2013, https://www.industryweek.com/the-economy/article/21961142/by-the-numbers-nam-industryweek-2013-q3-survey-responses; “NAM/IndustryWeek 2013 Q2 Survey Responses,” IndustryWeek, June 10, 2013, https://www.industryweek.com/the-economy/article/21960465/nam-industryweek-2013-q2-survey-responses; Chad Moutray, “NAM/IndustryWeek 2013 Q1 Survey: Manufacturers’ Prospects Picking Up,” IndustryWeek, March 8, 2013, https://www.industryweek.com/the-economy/article/22008053/nam-industryweek-2013-q1-survey-manufacturers-prospects-picking-up; Chad Moutray, “NAM/IndustryWeek Q4 Survey: Sharp Decline in Manufacturers’ Optimism,” IndustryWeek, December 5, 2012, https://www.industryweek.com/the-economy/article/21959119/nam-industryweek-q4-survey-sharp-decline-in-manufacturers-optimism;Chad Moutray, “Manufacturers Remain Anxious Says NAM/IndustryWeek Survey,” IndustryWeek, September 12, 2012, https://www.industryweek.com/the-economy/competitiveness/article/21958264/manufacturers-remain-anxious-says-nam-industryweek-survey;Chad Moutray, “NAM/IW Q2 Survey: Cautious Optimism Even as U.S., Global Uncertainties Mount,” IndustryWeek, June 29, 2012, https://www.industryweek.com/the-economy/competitiveness/article/21957526/nam-iw-q2-survey-cautious-optimism-even-as-us-global-uncertainties-mount; Chad Moutray, “NAM/IndustryWeek Q1 Survey: Manufacturers Predict Higher Sales, Investment and Employment,” IndustryWeek,March 14, 2012, https://www.industryweek.com/the-economy/public-policy/article/21952513/nam-industryweek-q1-survey-manufacturers-predict-higher-sales-investment-and-employment
[28] Bank of America, 2024 Business Owner Report, https://institute.bankofamerica.com/content/dam/economic-insights/2024-business-owner-report.pdf
[29] See Bank of America, 2024 Business Owner Report, https://institute.bankofamerica.com/content/dam/economic-insights/2024-business-owner-report.pdf; 2023 Small Business Owner Report, 2022 Small Business Owner Report, 2021 Small Business Owner Report ;2020 Small Business Owner Report Fall 2019 Small Business Owner Snapshot (on file with CJ&D); Spring 2019 Small Business Owner Report (on file with CJ&D); Fall 2018 Small Business Owner Report (on file with CJ&D); Spring 2018 Small Business Owner Report (on file with CJ&D); Fall 2017 Small Business Owner Report (on file with CJ&D); Spring 2017 Small Business Owner Report (on file with CJ&D); Small Business Owner Report: Fall 2016 (on file with CJ&D); Small Business Owner Report: Spring 2016 (on file with CJ&D); Small Business Owner Report: Fall 2015 (on file with CJ&D); Small Business Owner Report: Spring 2015 (on file with CJ&D); Small Business Owner Report: Fall 2014 (on file with CJ&D); Small Business Owner Report: Spring 2014 (on file with CJ&D); Small Business Owner Report: Fall 2013 (on file with CJ&D); Small Business Owner Report: Spring 2013 (on file with CJ&D); Small Business Owner Report: November 2012 (on file with CJ&D); and Small Business Owner Report: May 2012 (on file withCJ&D).
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